Abahanga bavuga ko iyo ushaka gutegura igihugu cyiza cy’ahazaza uhera ku bana, ibi bigakorwa hubahirizwa uburenganzira bwabo, bigatuma bakura bakunda igihugu cyabo ndetse baharanira kuzagikorera ibyiza. Ubwo burenganzira bw’umwana bugenwa n’amategeko, twavuga kuvuzwa, kwiga, kugaburirwa, kwambikwa kugira umuryango n’ibindi bitandukanye umwana akenera kugira ngo akure neza mu bwenge no mu gihagararo.

Amategeko asobanura umwana nk’umuntu wese utaruzuza imyaka 18 y’ubukure, icyo gihe icyo akorewe cyose gihabanye n’uburenganzira agenerwa n’amategeko byitwa ihohotera rikorewe umwana ndetse bikaba icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko.

Uko iminsi igenda isimburana, ku isi hagenda hagaragara bamwe mu bantu bahutaza uburenganzira bw ‘abana nyamara bakirengagiza ko umwana ari umunyantege nkeya agomba kurengerwa.

Mu Rwanda hakunze kugaragara bamwe mu bantu bahohotera abana mu buryo butandukanye nko kubaha ibisindisha, kubavutsa uburenganzira bwabo bw ‘ibanze nko kwiga ndetse no gukura neza aho bavanwa mu ishuri bagakoreshwa imirimo idahwanye n’imyaka yabo, bikorezwa imitwaro ibibarusha ibiro n’indi mirimo itemewe n’amategeko.

Ibi hari ubwo abana babikoreshwa n’ababyeyi babo cyangwa abandi bantu bashinzwe kubarera, bitwaje imvugo itari yo ivuga ngo umwana arindwa inzara ntarindwa imirimo. Nta washyigikira ko umwana akura nta karimo ashobora gukora kuko nabyo bigira ingaruka mu mikurire ndetse n’ahazaza he, ariko byibura agakora uturimo tworoheje two mu rugo nko gusukura ibikoresho byo ku meza, kwisukurira imyambaro yoroheje kandi nayo itari myinshi, ibi nabyo akabikora atari akazi ahemberwa ndetse nta burenganzira bwe bundi bwahutajwe.

Leta y’u Rwanda imaze kubona ko hari abakoresha abana imirimo ivunanye idahwanye n’imyaka yabo yashyizeho itegeko rirengera umwana rimurinda iyo mirimo.

Itegeko n° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ingingo ya 6 igena imirimo ibujijwe gukoresha umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’umunani (18) ariyo, imirimo ihungabanya imiterere y’umubiri w’umwana; imirimo ikorerwa munsi y’ubutaka, munsi y’amazi, kandi harehare cyangwa hafunganye; imirimo ikoreshwa imashini n’ibikoresho bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi cyangwa isaba guterura no kwikorera umutwaro uremereye; imirimo ikorerwa ahantu hari ubushyuhe, ubukonje, urusaku, ibitigita n’ibindi byangiza ubuzima bw’umwana; imirimo ikorwa amasaha menshi, mu ijoro cyangwa ikorerwa ahantu hafunganye.

Mu bihe bitandukanye ndetse bya vuba aha, Polisi y’u Rwanda nk’urwego rushinzwe iyubahirizwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amategeko yagiye isanga abana ahantu hatandukanye barimo gukoreshwa imirimo itemewe gukoreshwa abana. Hari abayikoreshwaga n’ababyeyi babo, abashinzwe kubarera ndetse n’abandi bantu basanzwe baba babahaye akazi. Polisi y’u Rwanda yahitaga ibasubiza kwiga kandi ikegera abo babyeyi bakoreshaga abo bana iyo mirimo, ikabasobanurira ko ibyo barimo bitemewe n’amategeko, ikabaganiriza ku burenganzira bw’abana n’ingaruka bigira ku muryango nyarwanda no ku gihugu muri rusange. Abandi bakoreshaga abana imirimo ivunanye kubw’inyungu nko mu mirima no mu birombe by’amabuye y’agaciro, Police yarabafashe bashyikirizwa ubutabera.

Hakunze kugaragara kandi bamwe mu bantu bashora abana mu biyobyabwenge n’ibindi bisindisha. Aha naho Leta yashyizeho amategeko yakwifashishwa igihe hari umuntu ugaragaye aha umwana inzoga n’ibindi bisindisha ndetse ababifatiwemo bagiye bashyikirizwa ubutabera.

Itegeko no 71/2018 ryo kuwa 31 Kanama 2018 ryerekeye kurengera umwana, mu ngingo yaryo ya 27 igika cya gatatu bavuga ko umuntu ugurisha umwana inzoga cyangwa itabi, ubimushoramo cyangwa umushishikariza kubinywa cyangwa kujya mu tubari aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo kitari munsi y’amezi atatu (3) ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu (6) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi y’ibihumbi ijana (100.000) ariko atarenze ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000).

Usibye imirimo itemewe ndetse n’izindi ngeso mbi twavuze haruguru zishobora kurarura umwana agata ishuri, akazaba igihombo ku muryango ndetse no ku gihugu, hari ikindi cyaha gikabije kandi cyihariye ku bana b’abakobwa aho baterwa inda n’abantu bakuru bikabatera ibibazo bikomeye mu buzima harimo guta ishuri bagatangira ubuzima bwo kurera kandi nabo bari bagikeneye kurerwa.

Abenshi muri abo bana b’abakobwa iyo bamaze guterwa inda imiryango yabo ibaha akato bikabaviramo kwiheba ndetse bakajya kubeshwaho n’abagiraneza, byamaze kugaragara ko akenshi abo bana b’abakobwa baterwa inda n’abagabo bakuru basanzwe bafite ingo zabo.

Itegeko nº68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange mu ngingo ya 133 basobanura ibihano bihabwa uwasambanyije umwana.

Muri iki cyumweru dusoza ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Gatsibo bwatangazaga ko kuva umwaka ushize wa 2019 kugera mu cyumweru gishize tariki ya 16 Mutarama 2020, kubera abangavu 648 batewe inda, hamaze gutabwa muri yombi abagabo 160 barimo 101 bashyikirijwe urukiko bagakatirwa n’abandi bakiburana.

Ibi bibazo byose by’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana byose n’ubwo biba, Polisi y’u Rwanda ntiyahwemye gukora ubukangurambaga bugamije kubirwanya ndetse n’ababigizemo uruhare ikabafata ikabashyikiriza ubutabera.

Ni muri urwo rwego muri uyu mwaka wa 2020 Polisi y’u Rwanda yatangiye ubukangurambaga bw’igihe kirekire bugamije guhashya abantu bagifite ingeso mbi zo guhohotera abana. Ni ubukangurambaga bwiswe “Rengera Umwana”.

Umuvugizi wa Polisi y’u Rwanda Commissioner of Police (CP) John Bosco Kabera avuga ko ubu bukangurambaga bugamije kwigisha byimbitse abaturage ububi n’ingaruka zo guhohotera abana ndetse no gufata ababigiramo uruhare bose bagashyikirizwa ubutabera.

Yagize ati: “Bikomeje kugaragara ko ihohotera rikorerwa abana ririmo kugaragara mu buryo butandukanye. Polisi yatangiye ubukangurambaga bwo kwigisha abanyarwanda kurwanya iryo hohotera ndetse abagiramo uruhare bafatwe bashyikirizwe ubutabera”.

CP Kabera akomeza avuga ko ikigamijwe ari uko buri munyarwanda wese azagerwaho n’ubutumwa bwo kurengera umwana, arindwa ihohoterwa uko ryaba riteye kose ndetse yabona abahohotera umwana agatanga amakuru hakiri kare.

Ati:“Abanyarwanda n’abaturarwanda bakwiye kumva ko umwana wese uri munsi y’imyaka 18 afite amategeko amurengera. Kandi ibyo bakabikora bumva neza ko guha umwana uburenganzira agenerwa n’amategeko ari inshingano zabo, kuko ibyo bituma akura neza ndetse akazavamo umunyarwanda mwiza u Rwanda rwifuza”.

Mu mwaka wa 2017 ishami ry’umurango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima(OMS/WHO) ryagaragaje ko abana barenga Miliyoni imwe bari mu kigero cy’imyaka iri hagati y’ibiri(2) na 17 bakorewe ihohotera ryo ku mubiri, irishingiye ku gitsina, ndetse n’ihohotera ryo ku mutima. Ni mu gihe ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bana (UNICEF) rivuga ko kuva mu mwaka wa 2014 kugera mu mwaka wa 2017 abana babarirwa hejuru ya Miliyoni 120 bahuye n’iryo hohotera ryavuzwe haruguru na OMS.

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